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Felite™ Resin Technology specializes in the production and service of water softener resins for applications including industrial water softening, commercial softening, residential softening, etc.
Felite™ Resin Technology specializes in the production and service of water softener resins for applications including industrial water softening, commercial softening, residential softening, etc.
Water softener resins are primarily used to remove Calcium and Magnesium ions from water for protecting industrial pipelines or home appliance. With the first batch of water softener resins being produced in 1972, Felite™ Resin Technology has over 50 years of experience in producing water softener resins.
As shown below, we offer various gel and macroporous water softener resins.
Purity level: Industrial grade; Potable water grade;
Particle size: Standard mesh; Fine mesh; Coarse mesh;
Cross-linkage: 7-16%
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“Removal process of Calcium and Magnesium ions from Water” called Water Softening. Ion exchanging is the simplest and most economically effective method for it.
Resins are essential materials throughout the whole process of water softening. Mainly, the performance of a water softener depends on the effectiveness of inserted resin. Knowing how resins work will help you select the best water softener and re-bedding your existing softener that meets your target; hardness and iron removal.
This article introduces information about water softening, including understanding its process, identifying various classifications of water softener resin, as well as comparing the pros and cons of different crosslinkage.
Water can dissolve massive amounts of substances. Therefore, we can say water is a universal solvent. While these substances dissolve in water, they can be ionic or non-ionic. Ionic particles either carry positive charges or negative charges. Non-ionic particles have no charge, and they are neutral.
Water that carries Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions more than the highest desirable level is called “Hard Water” or hardness in water. Elevated calcium and magnesium ions make it challenging to dissolve soaps in water and clog pipelines, reducing the efficiency of kettles and heaters.
Water softening is the process that exchanges above cations inside the softener unit with the help of water softener resins.
Resins within the softening plant tightly hold its negatively charged anions which is attractive for any cations. At the initial stage, resin beads are coated with Na+ ions. During the process, Resins exchange Na+ ions with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. So softened water carries Na+ ions.
The most common materials of construction of water softener resins are Styrene and Divinyl Benzene(DVB). The DVB is the binding agent, and it holds the resin together. DVB amount used while manufacturing can define as cross-linking percentages. It simply describes that the resin bead strength depends on DVB.
Styrene and DVB are monomers in liquid form. But they are not dissolvable in water. While agitating, the monomers and water create small tiny monomer droplets suspended in the water phase. These small liquid droplets become hard plastic spheres (beads or copolymers) with proper agitation of the mixture and raising temperature. The beads are washed, dried, and screened.
After that, beads are functionalized (electrostatically charged) into an ion exchange resin. Kinetic performance of resins, resistance to oxidation, and service life of beads are mainly affected by the level of DVB. For example, approximately 2- 20% DVB content can be varied while manufacturing strong acid cation (SAC) exchange.
Gel resins generally have smaller pores (approx. 1 to 2 nm, hydrated) in the resin structure, higher initial exchange capacity, and exchange rate.
Macroporous resins are usually considered to elute foulants more effectively due to the larger pore structure (approx. 20 to 100 nm, hydrated). They can often stand up better in harsher operating environments, such as high temperatures and higher chlorine feed water. Macroporous resin has a slow exchange rate than gel resin.
IX change does not occur on the surface but inside the copolymers. Plastic beads hold Na+ ions initially. When hard water runs through the resin bed, beads catch the divalent ions and release their monovalent ions (Na+ or K+). Negatively charged functional groups, which are immobile, hold these replacing cations at the interior of the resin bead, but rarely does it exchange ions at the bead’s surface.
When the resin bed gets saturated, hardness ions haven’t more space to create affinity with immobilized negative ions in resins. So we need to refresh resin; hence, the reverse ion exchange process should have proceeded. It is called “Regeneration.”
Use saline solution or brine solution (NaCl) to regenerate resin media. This solution should have enough strength to drive the reverse reaction of IX. Concentrated NaCl enters the resin bed and exchanges Na+ ions with hardness ions. The softener bed is getting reactive now. Before injection of brine solution, it is needed to be backwash the softener unit.
“Removal process of Calcium and Magnesium ions from Water” called Water Softening. Ion exchanging is the simplest and most economically effective method for it.
Resins are essential materials throughout the whole process of water softening. Mainly, the performance of a water softener depends on the effectiveness of inserted resin. Knowing how resins work will help you select the best water softener and re-bedding your existing softener that meets your target; hardness and iron removal.
This article introduces information about water softening, including understanding its process, identifying various classifications of water softener resin, as well as comparing the pros and cons of different crosslinkage.
Water can dissolve massive amounts of substances. Therefore, we can say water is a universal solvent. While these substances dissolve in water, they can be ionic or non-ionic. Ionic particles either carry positive charges or negative charges. Non-ionic particles have no charge, and they are neutral.
Water that carries Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions more than the highest desirable level is called “Hard Water” or hardness in water. Elevated calcium and magnesium ions make it challenging to dissolve soaps in water and clog pipelines, reducing the efficiency of kettles and heaters.
Water softening is the process that exchanges above cations inside the softener unit with the help of water softener resins.
Resins within the softening plant tightly hold its negatively charged anions which is attractive for any cations. At the initial stage, resin beads are coated with Na+ ions. During the process, Resins exchange Na+ ions with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. So softened water carries Na+ ions.
The most common materials of structure of water softener resins are Styrene and Divinyl Benzene(DVB). The DVB is the binding agent, and it holds the resin together. DVB amount used while manufacturing can define as cross-linking percentages. It simply describes that the resin bead strength depends on DVB.
Styrene and DVB are monomers in liquid form. But they are not dissolvable in water. While agitating, the monomers and water create small tiny monomer droplets suspended in the water phase. These small liquid droplets become hard plastic spheres (beads or copolymers) with proper agitation of the mixture and raising temperature. The beads are washed, dried, and screened.
After that, beads are functionalized (electrostatically charged) into an ion exchange resin. Kinetic performance of resins, resistance to oxidation, and service life of beads are mainly affected by the level of DVB. For example, approximately 2- 20% DVB content can be varied while manufacturing strong acid cation (SAC) exchange.structure
Gel resins generally have smaller pores (approx. 1 to 2 nm, hydrated) in the resin structure, higher initial exchange capacity, and exchange rate.
Macroporous resins are usually considered to elute foulants more effectively due to the larger pore structure (approx. 20 to 100 nm, hydrated). They can often stand up better in harsher operating environments, such as high temperatures and higher chlorine feed water. Macroporous resin has a slow exchange rate than gel resin.
Resin manufacturers produce resins into the standard grading from 0.3-1.2 mm. sometimes, special grades are made; fine mesh 0.3-0.6mm, coarse mesh 0.5-1.2mm are manufactured for different purposes.
Fine mesh resins that increase the surface area for ion exchange can be used for softening due to their high operating capacities and ease of regeneration. Tiny resin beads are packed tightly in the vessel, which causes the water flow rate to slow. It is not suited for high flow systems and water with high turbidity.
Coarse mesh resins are specially manufactured for industrial high-flow water softening systems. They can minimize the pressure losses with suspended particles in raw water.
IX change does not occur on the surface but inside the copolymers. Plastic beads hold Na+ ions initially. When hard water runs through the resin bed, beads catch the divalent ions and release their monovalent ions (Na+ or K+). Negatively charged functional groups, which are immobile, hold these replacing cations at the interior of the resin bead, but rarely does it exchange ions at the bead’s surface.
When the resin bed gets saturated, hardness ions haven’t more space to create affinity with immobilized negative ions in resins. So we need to refresh resin; hence, the reverse ion exchange process should have proceeded. It is called “Regeneration.”
Use saline solution or brine solution (NaCl) to regenerate resin media. This solution should have enough strength to drive the reverse reaction of IX. Concentrated NaCl enters the resin bed and exchanges Na+ ions with hardness ions. The softener bed is getting reactive now. Before injection of brine solution, it is needed to be backwash the softener unit.
It usually take 2 weeks for 1x20ft container quantity production;
Usually 1 week from our facility to Shanghai port by ground transportation;
This CIF price is quoted from China to the LA for your reference; 3 weeks on the way;
Want to get the accurate CIF price to your region? Or, request a sample?
Mix refined styrene and DVB liquid monomer, add initiator BPO and stir well; add dissolved inorganic dispersant and organic dispersant in the aqueous phase for high-temperature suspension polymerization into spherical particles; wash and cure to neutral by hot water at 95℃±2℃, dry and sieve to get white spherical beads.
The process is the reaction of styrene-DVB copolymer beads with 77.19% sulfuric acid to introduce sulfonic acid groups in the backbone. The water softener resin is obtained by gradient dilution of sulfuric acid with different specific gravity and water washing.
(1) Treat the industrial-grade softener resin with the organic solvent to remove residual monomer, then pretreat with refined hydrochloric acid and ionic membrane alkali to remove impurities dissolved in the acid and alkali;
(2) Steam 3 times with high-temperature and high-pressure steam in a hot water environment at 95℃~98℃ for 2 hours each time to remove the dissolved material in the resin;
(3) Use 8~10% refined hydrochloric acid, heat to 60℃±2℃, and the amount of regenerant is 8 times the volume of resin. Then after transforming to the sodium form, the potable water grade softener resin is obtained after washing with ultrapure water;
We’d love to answer any of your technical questions!
The high water flow rates should be considered when using the ion-exchange process in industrial water softening. Most of the resins used in the industrial softening application need to be developed with high capacity, strength, and regeneration ability.
Strong acid cation resins with standard mesh and coarse mesh are manufactured in Felite™ Resin Technology to successfully complete water softening procedures.
Hard water increases scaling, which reduces the efficiency of electrical equipment, sinks, tubs, and other home appliances. Blocking water supply drains and soap scum accumulates.
Domestic water can be softened by using a water softener which uses the ion exchange process. Resins help to treat your water and minimize your residential hard water problems.
With five decades of experience, Felite Resin Technology is well versed in this field. In other hand, you are dealing with the master. You can trust us with your needs and expectations.
In the past five decades, we’ve developed several softener resin models as per different customers and applications required, from standard mesh to fine mesh; from industrial grade to Non-solvent grade.
Want to know how we make doing business easier? Let’s talk.
Pablo Hensley - Supply Chain Coordinator
Alex Allman - Purchasing Manager
Send us a message if you have any questions or request a quote. One of our experts will reply to you within 24 hours and help to select the suitable resin you want.
Founded in 1972, Felite™ Resin Technology specializes in the manufacture and service of ion exchange resins for the global marketplace.
